|
The following is a list of scholars of medieval Islamic civilization who have been described as the father or the founder of a field by some modern scholars: * Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, also known as Abulcasis, has been called the "father of modern surgery" and the "father of operative surgery". * 'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi, also known as Haly Abbas is ranked among the top three of most eminent doctors of medieval Islam. One scholar asserts that he "must be acknowledged as a founder of anatomic physiology". In addition, the section on dermatology in his ''Kamil as-sina'ah at-tibbiyah'' (Royal book-Liber Regius) has one scholar to regard him as the "father of Arabic dermatology". * Alhazen: is considered the "father of modern optics", the "father of physiological optics", and the "father of optics". * Al-Biruni: According to Francis Robinson, Al-Biruni earned the "founder of Indology" and "first anthropologist" titles for his remarkable description of early 11th-century India. Georg Morgenstierne regarded him as "the founder of comparative studies in human culture".〔G. Morgenstierne, "Al-Biruni, The Founder of Comparative Studies in Human Culture," in ''The Commemoration Volume of Biruni International Congress'' (Tehran: High Council for Culture and Art, 1973), 6.〕 Al-Biruni is also known as the "father of Islamic pharmacy". * Al-Farabi: regarded as the "founder of Islamic/Arab Neoplatonism" and by some as the "father of formal logic in the Islamic world". :Many consider Al-Farabi to be the real founder of Islamic Peripatetic philosophy.〔 He has also been credited with being the "founder of Islamic political philosophy", however, Peter Adamson, professor of Ancient and Medieval Philosophy at King's College London, rejects the title arguing that Al-Farabi "was not a political philosopher in the sense of having given concrete political proposals for running a society: Rather, his aim was to describe the societal conditions that tend to produce virtue and vice". * Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi: has been called the father of Arabic lexicography (ilm al-lugha'') and prosody (''al-ʿarūḍ''). * Al-Khawarizmi: most renowned as the "father of algebra". Solomon Gandz states: "In a sense, Khwarizmi is more entitled to be called "the father of algebra" than Diophantus because Khwarizmi is the first to teach algebra in an elementary form and for its own sake, Diophantus is primarily concerned with the theory of numbers".〔Gandz and Saloman (1936), ''The sources of Khwarizmi's algebra'', Osiris i, pp. 263–77: .〕 * Al-Kindi, known as "the Philosopher of the Arabs", is unanimously hailed as the "father of Islamic/Arab philosophy".〔 * Averroes (1126-1198): known in Arabic as Ibn Rushd, was an Andalusian polymath born in Córdoba, Spain. Averroes was regarded by some (medieval ?) Christian bishops as the "father of free thought and unbelief" and has been described by some as the "father of rationalism" and the "founding father of secular thought in Western Europe".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/islam/pages/exchange.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/1880/47472/1/2008_HMD_Ahmed.pdf )〕 Ernest Renan called Averroes the absolute rationalist, and regarded him as the father of freethought and dissent. * Ibn Hazm: author of one of the earliest works on comparative religion and "honoured in the West as that of the founder of the science of comparative religion". Alfred Guillaume refers to him the composer of "the first systematic higher critical study of the Old and New testaments". However, William Montgomery Watt disputes the claim, stating that Ibn Hazm's work was preceded by earlier works in Arabic and that "the aim was polemical and not descriptive". * Ibn Khaldun is regarded by many as the father of sociology, historiography and modern economics. He is best known for his ''Muqaddimah''. * Jabir ibn Hayyan was a prominent Arab alchemist who is praised as the "father of Islamic/Arabic alchemy" and who has often been referred to as “the father of chemistry” and is widely credited with the introduction of the experimental method into alchemy, as well as with the invention of numerous important processes that are still used in chemistry today. * Rhazes: His treatise on ''Diseases in Children'' has led many to consider him the "father of pediatrics". He has also been praised as the "real founder of clinical medicine in Islam". * Muhammad al-Shaybani: the father of Muslim international law. * Suhrawardi: founder of the Illuminationist school of Islamic philosophy. ==See also== * List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field * Islamic Golden Age * Science in medieval Islam * Timeline of science and engineering in the Islamic world 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Islamic scholars described as father or founder of a field」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|